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O. J. ELLIS.

AIR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

No. 323,304. Patented July 28, 1885.

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AIR RBFRIGERATING APPARATUS. No. 323,304. Patented July 28, 1885.

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No. 323,304. Patented July 28, 1885.

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AIR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

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OLIVER J OSOLYN E ELLIS, OF ,DARTFORD, COUNTY OF KENT, ASSIGXOR TO I. AND E. HALL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

AIR-REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

EBPE JIIICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,304, dated July 28, 1885.

Application filed May 11, 1885. (No model.) Patented in England April 20, 1885, No. 4,882.

To ail whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, OLlvnn JosoLYnn ELLIs, a citizen of England, residing at Dartford, in the county of Kent, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Air'Refrigerating Apparatus, (for which I have made application for a patent in Great Britain, dated April 20, 1885, No. 4,882,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an arrangementof a steam-cylinder, an air compressing pump, and an air-expanding cylinder and their valves in combination with coolers and with a condenser and an air and circulating pump, constituting altogether an air-refrigerating apparatus having certain peculiarities in the details of construction and arrangement whereby I secure simplicity consistently with efficiency and economy, as I will explain, referring to the accompanying drawings.

Figure l is a plan showing the general arrangement. Fig. 2 is a side view, partly in section, and Fig. 3 is an end view. The other figures, which are drawn to an enlarged scale, are, Fig. 4, a longitudinal section of the airexpanding cylinder; Fig. 5, a transverse section, the right-hand half taken on the line XX of Fig. i, and the left-hand half taken onY Y. A modification of the valve shown in Figs. 4 and 5 is represented, in Fig. 6 a longitudinal section, and in Fig. 7 a transverse section, the right half on X X of Fig. 6, and the left half on Y Y. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 9 a transverse section,of the air-compressing pump.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, showing the general arrangement of the apparatus, it will be seen that on one frame or bed-plate there are three cylinders having their pistons connect-ed to cranks on one fly-wheel shaft; that under this bed-plate there are two coolers and a condenser, and that on one side thereis a pump. Of these parts A is the steam-cylinder, the exhaust from which passes by a pipe, a, through the tubes of a surfacecondenser, B, whence an air-pump, 0, draws air and water of condensation. The tubes in the condenser 13 are arranged, as shown at D, Fig. 3, in two tiers. The exhaust-steam passes from the cylinder along the tubes of the upper tier and returns along those of the lower tier to the airpump G, while water is made to by a pipe, 9, which circulate around the tubes in B, as well as those in the cooler D, by the circulating-pump E, which, as is shown in Fig. part of the cylinder, the rear part of which constitutes the air-pump C. The piston of the combined air and circulating pumps 0 and E is worked by a beam, 6, linked to the cross head of the steam-piston. The piston-rod of the pump passes through the end of C and forms the plunger of a feed-pump, F, which draws hot water by a pipe, f, from the discharge-chamber of the air-pump C and sends it as feed to the boiler.

It is obvious that a pump arranged as described to act as an air-pump at one end and as a circulating'pump at the other end is applicable generally to refrigerating apparatus in which condensation of steam and cooling of air are effected.

G is the air-compressin g pu nip,which draws air by a pipe, g, and discharges it compressed descends below the cylinders and communicates with the tubes in the cooler D, that, like those of the surface-condenser B, are surrounded by water kept in circulation by the pump E. The pump Ghas a jacket,through which, also, water circuiates, and the water after circulating through this jacket and the cooler D, not being greatly heated thereby, may be used wholly or partly for cooling the tubes of the surface-condenser B. The compressed air, partly cooled in the cooler D, is further cooled by passing also through tubes in a second cooler, H, these tubes being surrounded by cold air coming from the refrigerating-chamber on its way to the pipe 9 leading to the compressingpump G. The cooled compressed air from the tubes of the cooler H expands, performing work in the cylinder K, thus being greatly reduced in temperature. From K it is led by any suitable pipes or channels, preferably made of or cased with wood, or material which is a bad conductor of heat, to the refrigerating-chamber, while air from the refrigeratingcharnber returns to the casing of the cooler H and passes thence to the compressing-pump G,

The condenser E and the coolers D and H should be cased and separated by wood or other imperfectly-conducting material.

The slides of the cylinders A, G, and K are all of a double kind, one slide in each case 2, is the front being on or within the other. Thus for the steam-cylinder A there is a main slide with a cut off or expansion slide working on the back of the main slide in the well known manner.

For the air-compressor G there is also a main slide governing the passages for suction, and on the back of it a second slide governing the passages for exhaust, as will presently be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9. For the air-expanding cylinder K there is a main slide with a cut-off or expansion slide working within it, as will presently be described with reference to Figs. at, 5, 6, and 7. The three main slides are all rigidly attached to a bar, L, which is moved to and fro in guides by links Z at each end of the bar, connecting it to cranks Z or eccentrics at the ends of the main shaft. The three secondary slides are worked by arms of a rocking shaft, M, an arm, m, of which is linked to the cross-head of the piston of G.

In the case of A the rod a of the expansionslide is clear above that of the main slide a, as seen in Fig. 2. In the ease of G the main slide is worked by two rods, 9 one on each side, while the secondary slide is worked by a central rod, 9. In the case of K the rod is of the secondary or internal slide passes through the tubular rod of the main or external slide.

Such being the general arrangement of the apparatus, 1 will now describe, by reference to Figs. 4and 5 the construction and arrangement of the main and secondary slides for the air-expanding cylinder K. The main slide N is of annular form, worked by the tubular rod is". The secondary or expansion slide P is also of annular form, fitted to slide within the main slide N and moved by the rod is. The slide N is grooved internally and externally, provided with packing-rings to impede leak age between the rubbing-surfaces, and it has suitable passages, 11, for supply of compressed air from the middle space when these passages uncover the cylinder-ports and are themselves uncovered by slide I. The discharge of the expanded air from the cylin der takes place at the ends of the slide N into casings Q, whence it is led to the refrigerating-chamber. The 1r ain slide N, Figs. 4 and 5, being cylindrical, wear may be provided for by introducing fresh liners s. \Vhen it is desired to provide for wear without the need of fresh liners, I adopt the modified construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7, in which the main slide N, instead of being cylindrical, is rectangular, working between the facing of the cylinder K and the inner surface of the removable cover R of the slide case. As the rubbing-surfaces wear, thejoint of the cover R to the slide-case can be carefully adjusted so as to make good fit of the slide without excess of friction.

Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, the air-compressing pump G is surrounded by a water-jacket, and has water-spaces at its ends separated from the body of the cylinder by thin plates T, supported by stays from the end covers. Owing to the thinness of the plates, the cooling action of the water is rendered more effective. U is the main slide, on the back of which works the secondary slide V, these slides being both kept up to the faces on which. they work by the packing ringWV, pressed downward by an adjustable spring. The air is drawn in from the spaces in the slide-case outside the slides, and the compressed air passes out by the middle space of the slides to the pipe 9.

Having thus described the nature of myinvention, and the best means I know for carrying the same into practical effect, I claim 1. A refrigerating apparatus wherein three cylindersa steam-cylinder, an air-compress ing pump, and an air-expanding cylindereach provided with a main and a secondary slide, are arranged side by side on one framing above an air-cooler, a water-cooler, and a surface condenser, and have their pistons connected to cranks on one fly-wheel shaft, and their main slides moved together and their secondary slides moved together, substantially as herein described.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus having three cylinders-a steamcylinder, an air-compressing pump, and an air-expanding cylindereach provided with a main and a secondary slide, arranged side by side, with their pistons connected to cranks on one fly-wheel shaft, the combination of the three main slides with one guided bar caused to reciprocate by cranks or eccentrics on the shaft linked to the ends of the bar, substantially as described.

3. In arefrigerating apparatus having three eylindersa steam-cylinder, an air-compressing pump, and an air-expanding cylinder each provided with a main and a secondary slide, arranged side by side, with'their pistons connected to cranks on one fly-wheel shaft, the combination of the three secondary slides with the arms of one rocking shaft caused to rock by connection of the cross-head to the air-compressing piston, substantially as described.

4. In an aircompressing pump having a watercasing around it and water -spaces at its ends, the combination therewith of thin metallic plates T T, separate from the cylinder heads or covers for separating the cylinder-cavities from the end waterspaces, and belts or stays attached to the cylinder heads or covers and connected with the thin plates for clamping or holding them upon the cylinder, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with an air-compressing pump, of a main suction-slide seated on the pumpcylinder,-a secondary dischargeslide seated on the back of the main slide, a packing-ring seated on the back of the secondary slide, and a strained adjustable spring acting on the ring for pressing the two slides upon their respective seats, substantially as described.

6. For exhaust-ing the condenser and cirscribing witnesses, this 24th day of April, A.

cuiating the cooling water of a refrigerating OLIVER JOSOLYNE ELLIS.

apparatus, a compound air and circulating pump having one piston and having suction and discharge valves at each end,substantiaily I itnesses: 5 as herein described. JOHN DEAN,

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name \VALTER JAMES S. RERTEN, to this specification, in the presence of two snbl Both of 17 G1 ucecimrch Street, London. 

